A ocorrência de comorbidade psiquiátrica concomitante à dependência química é frequente, indicando um prognóstico desfavorável para o tratamento desse transtorno. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de comorbidade psiquiátrica em 31 pacientes dependentes de álcool (51,6%) e de ..

Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders, also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to (...) set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law, what types of regulations are required, and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients. (shrink)

Ética y bioética en el mundo científico: una revisión integradora de la literaturaEthics and Bioethics in the Scientific World: An Integrative ReviewThis paper studies the reality of ethical and bioethical issues in the scientific world through an integrative literature review of articles included in three databases. Seven terms from the thesaurus Health Sciences Descriptors were used, from which three combinations were elaborated and used in the three databases. After applying inclusion requirements, a total of 18 articles were selected. Certain misconducts, (...) particularly plagiarism, falsification and data fabrication, have been showing an increasing behavior, which requires more stringent measures in order to control such phenomenon and maintain scientific credibility before society and authorities.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoSouza-Júnior EV, Rosa RS, Guedes TP, Silva CS, Ribeiro DB, Balbinote FS, Souza DF, Teixeira RB, Silva-Filho BF, Sawanda NO. Ética e bioética no mundo científico: uma revisão integrativa. Pers bioet. 2020;24:151-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.3Recibido: 30/06/2020Aceptado: 28/07/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

Nas últimas décadas, pode se perceber o aumento dos comportamentos de automutilação na adolescência. Embora isso possa ser explicado pelo crescente interesse de pesquisadores e especialistas em estudo esse fenômeno, é notório que a automutilação não suicida, considerada até recentemente como um comportamento específico inerente a quadros patológicos graves, tem sido utilizada como uma estratégia de enfrentamento mal-adaptativa por um número expressivo de adolescentes pelo menos uma vez na vida ou até mesmo por todo o período da adolescência. Nesta revisão (...) narrativa de educação continuada a automutilação não suicida será discutida em termos de prevalências, funções e fatores associados. Os resultados apontam expressivas prevalências de automutilação não suicida em âmbito mundial, ligada a diversas funções e fatores associados relativos a aspectos sociodemográficos, individuais de manejo de problemas e emoções e psicossociais relacionais. (shrink)

This paper makes a plea for more reflexive attempts to develop and anchor the emerging concept of responsible research and innovation. RRI has recently emerged as a buzzword in science policy, becoming a focus of concerted experimentation in many academic circles. Its performative capacity means that it is able to mobilise resources and spaces despite no common understanding of what it is or should be ‘made of’. In order to support reflection and practice amongst those who are interested in and (...) using the concept, this paper unpacks understandings of RRI across a multi-disciplinary body of peer-reviewed literature. Our analysis focuses on three key dimensions of RRI that remain particularly opaque. A total of 48 publications were selected through a systematic literature search and their content was qualitatively analysed. Across the literature, RRI is portrayed as a concept that embeds numerous features of existing approaches to govern and assess emerging technologies. Our analysis suggests that its greatest potential may be in its ability to unify and provide political momentum to a wide range of long-articulated ethical and policy issues. At the same time, RRI’s dynamism and resulting complexity may represent its greatest challenge. Further clarification on what RRI has to offer in practice—beyond what has been offered to date—is still needed, as well as more explicit engagement with research and institutional cultures of responsibility. Such work may help to realise the high political expectations that are attached to nascent RRI. (shrink)

Based on Truth and Method I and II, we will present, in this article, the Gadamerian conception of language in the dialogic game. Inspired by classics such as Plato, Aristotle and the later Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer developed Philosophical Hermeneutics as a new perspective to understanding (Verstehen), no longer based on the notion of method, but as a game between the movement of tradition and interpreter. Thus, it is understood that the human being is in a situation, is supported by prejudices (...) and has, therefore, a horizon of meaning, a perspective of reality, although always provisional and limited. Gadamer highlighted the place of the ‘between’ as the true place of hermeneutics. As a defender of dialogue, the construction of a common sense, of agreement, is central to his works, with ‘good will’ and solidarity being crucial attitudes. (shrink)

Pagando por suas alforrias, batizando seus filhos, enterrando seus mortos. Além do trabalhado pesado ainda havia espaço para afetividade, vida sexual, desejos e vontades das mulheres que viviam no sul da capitania. E não faltavam acusações de sodomias, feitiçarias, seduções, bigamias. Este texto é fruto de um projeto de pesquisa em andamento que perscruta mulheres africanas no sul da Bahia e desdobra-se em duas partes de suas vidas no período colonial e imperial, tomando-as não só como objetos de pesquisa, mas (...) dando-lhes a condição de serem narradas como protagonistas apoiadas em vastas e inéditas fontes. Este artigo optou por trazê-las no período colonial. Quanto ao período aludido sobressaiu-se nas fontes dois aspectos: as pecadoras denunciadas estavam relacionadas ou às práticas de feitiçaria ou à vida sexual e afetiva destoante do que preconizava as leis cristãs, sobretudo nos Cadernos do Promotor. As fontes utilizadas foram os Cadernos do Promotor, as Correspondências trocadas entre autoridades e uma memória descritiva sobre ser mulher, ser africana e ser escravizada ou forra em diferentes discursos. Palavras-chave: Africanas, Cadernos do Promotor, Pecados. (shrink)

Los niveles de evidencia en salud surgieron, en el siglo XX, en el ámbito de la medicina basada en la evidencia, que buscó y busca integrar la mejor evidencia científica disponible con la experiencia clínica de los profesionales de la salud y la experiencia de los pacientes como método para guiar las decisiones clínicas y mejorar los resultados de salud. Sin embargo, las críticas asociadas al uso de niveles de evidencia en salud se centran en simplificar el enfoque, priorizar métodos (...) cuantitativos, desconocer el contexto social y cultural de la atención, la insuficiencia de su uso para enfermedades y condiciones complejas como la salud mental, las enfermedades raras y los cuidados paliativos. Tales críticas y reflexiones dilucidan los desafíos y demandas asociadas a la implementación de niveles de evidencia en salud, que serán objeto de análisis en este estudio teórico. Con base en lo anterior, las conclusiones del presente estudio se centran en proponer posibilidades de implementación de niveles de evidencia desde la perspectiva del siglo XXI, lo que vislumbra una revisión de los niveles de evidencia actuales así como el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de revisión sistemática denominado, por ahora, una revisión sistemática mixta, viva y contextualizada. (shrink)

We present in this article a discussion about gestures produced from the childhood entry in the interface with the experience of school time. It is a discussion woven inside the center for studies and research in education in particular, the times group of the faculty of education of the federal university of Juiz de Fora/MG. Throughout history, time has been discussed in various ways and still is, as well as childhood, conceptually constructed as a result of social, political, religious, and (...) cultural influences. In the attempt to "start thinking", we ask ourselves about what theoretical formulations have been based on childhood at the interface with school time in the field of education? We defend the central thesis that childhood, in a western cut, has been presented in productions still as social time. It is a recent movement to consider childhood as an event, experience, as opposed to the idea of childhood as the stage of life. As a result, considering infancy related to the tension between social time and time as intensity of the present, implies the need for pedagogical gestures that think this tension and, thus, consider the children of the current, narrowing their relations with the school, with knowledge and with life. To enlighten the issues sewn from our concerns, we chose authors such as Agamben, Leal, Bakhtin/Volochinov, Kohan, Vieira, Bento and Meneghel, Kramer, Borba, who focused on childhood and education. In order to problematize the time category, we dialogued with St. Augustine, Oliveira, Marques C. and Marques L, Skliar. The reading of our interlocutors and our listening with/to the school could subsidize the thought that we can invent ways not only imagined as possible with the perspective of reflecting time, childhood, experience and school on other bases. The interrogation, not the conviction, enables the sense of knowledge in the materiality of our practices, produced inside/outside the university. These are underprivileged subjects in curriculum matrices and disciplines that address the issue of children, their childhoods and temporalities. (shrink)

O objetivo central deste artigo é o de discutir se Husserl de fato consegue apresentar uma compreensão derradeira da intersubjetividade de um modo estritamente transcendental e assim se Husserl pôde ou não superar definitivamente toda forma de solipsismo. A posição que pretendo defender é que Husserl consegue apresentar uma compreensão coerente de intersubjetividade entendida em termos transcendentais a partir de um aprofundamento dos processos de redução transcendental. Será defendido também que a explicitação do estatuto transcendental da intersubjetividade não se contrapõe (...) de maneira alguma ao idealismo transcendental fenomenológico proposto por Husserl, ao contrário, será mostrado que a compreensão do estatuto transcendental da intersubjetividade contribui para uma melhor e mais adequada caracterização do que é o campo do idealismo transcendental fenomenológico em Husserl. Para realização de tal empreitada será tomado como objeto de análise, em especial, os textos das Meditações cartesianas IV e V. (shrink)

Este trabajo utiliza el rastro analítico y hermenéutico producido por la resolución del “sofisma de los tres prisioneros”, que Lacan incluyó en su artículo de 1945 “El tiempo lógico y el aserto de certidumbre anticipada. Un nuevo sofisma” . Lo que con ello nos propusimos, fue mostrar la importancia de la alteridad como un elemento crucial para reflexionar sobre el deseo. La relevancia del “otro” aparece, así, no sólo como un complemento esencial para la constitución del sujeto, sino también como (...) el fundamento ontológico que hace de este sujeto un ser deseante, con el poder del lenguaje y volcado a la acción, es decir, un ser humano atado a la red social. (shrink)

Research has revealed how inherent self-organizing tendencies in athletes and sports teams can be exploited to facilitate emergence of dynamical patterns in synergy formation in sports teams. Here, we discuss how game models, and associated tactical principles of play, may be implemented to constrain co-existing global-to-local and local-to-global self-organization tendencies in team sports players during training and performance. Understanding how to harness the continuous interplay between these co-existing, bi-directional, and coordination tendencies is key to shaping system behaviors in sports training. (...) Training programs are traditionally dominated by designs, which shape the self-organizing tendencies of players and teams at a global-to-local scale by coaches imposing a tactical/strategical plan with associated tactical principles of play. Nevertheless, recent research suggests that performers also need to be provided with opportunities to explore self-organizing tendencies that emerge at the local-to-global scale in training. This directional tendency in synergy formation can be facilitated by players being given opportunities to actively explore different adaptive and innovative performance solutions, coherent with principles of play circumscribed in an overarching game model. Developing methods (coaching sessions rooted on principles of dynamical systems theory that foment the development of such local-to-global relations) to exploit the continuous interplay between these co-existing tendencies within sports teams may promote more effective and efficient athlete skill training programs, in addition to enhancing performance. (shrink)

Disagreement as we find it in both the history and the contemporary practice of philosophy is an inadequately understood phenomenon. In this paper I outline and motivate the problem of disagreement, arguing that "hard cases" of disagreement confront us with an unresolved, and seemingly unresolvable, challenge to the rationality of philosophical discourse, thereby raising the specter of a worri-some form of metaphilosophical skepticism. A variety of responses and attempted evasions are considered, though none are found to be particularly satisfying: Thus, (...) the specter remains unexorcised. El desacuerdo que encontramos tanto en la historia como en la práctica contemporánea de la filosofía es un fenómeno mal entendido. En este trabajo hago un esbozo y aduzco los motivos del problema del desacuerdo, argumentando que los "casos difíciles" de desacuerdo nos confrontan con un problema sin resolver y al parecer sin posibilidad de resolverse, que pone en duda la racionalidad del discurso filosófico, y con lo cual surge el espectro de una preocupante forma de escepticismo metafilosófico. Examino varias respuestas y tentativas de evasiones, aunque ninguna de ellas es particularmente satisfactoria. Así, el espectro sigue sin ser exorcizado. (shrink)

Este texto se configura enquanto um ensaio sobre a análise das dinâmicas do olhar nas pornochanchadas através da problematização das noções de visibilidade e percepção. O primeiro momento, dividido em duas partes, liga as dinâmicas de visibilidade, com base nas discussões propostas por Didi-Huberman (1998) e Xavier (2003), às problemáticas de erotismo, nojo e individualidade propostas por A Dama do Lotação (Neville d´Almeida, 1978), enquanto o segundo faz a ponte entre os modos de percepção, distração e atenção, a partir dos (...) estudos de Merleau-Ponty (1984) e Crary (2013), e as especificidades de As Cangaceiras Eróticas (Roberto Mauro, 1974) enquanto pornochanchada que privilegia uma determinada abordagem do humor e do erotismo. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é discutir a interpretação de Quentin Skinner no tocante à concepção de liberdade encontrada nos autores ingleses que defenderam o regime republicano estabelecido na Inglaterra entre 1649 e 1660. Em sua narrativa histórica, essa concepção de liberdade, caracterizada pela ausência de interferência arbitrária, seria inspirada na teoria romana dos Estados livres, expressa principalmente no pensamento republicano de Maquiavel, o que caracterizaria o republicanismo inglês como um momento maquiaveliano. A intenção é mostrar que essa narrativa é problemática: (...) primeiro, porque não é possível extrair dos textos analisados de Maquiavel essa concepção de liberdade; depois, se esses autores ingleses utilizaram os argumentos de Maquiavel a favor do regime republicano, eles não acataram os seus principais fundamentos. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca enfocar la correlación entre el uso de la energía, el espacio, el territorio y el desarrollo local, teniendo en cuenta la utilización del gas natural en las cerámicas de Mato Grosso del Sur/Brasil. La importancia de los hechos geográficos es pautada por muchos parámetros, como el paso del tiempo, los nuevos descubrimientos tecnológicos, las necesidades de materias primas, los objetivos nacionales e internacionales y la ética de las relaciones internacionales. El gas natural no es utilizado aún (...) como fuente alternativa de energía en gran escala en el Estado. Puede ser considerado como uno de los resultados de la valorización de la política socio económica, de la cultura local y del medio ambiente preservado como parte de la identidad local del ser humano al mejorar su calidad de vida. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta um panorama geral acerca do conceito de niilismo no contexto literário e intelectual europeu do século XIX que, inclusive, o consolidou como um dos problemas teóricos mais fundamentais da modernidade. Com base no pensamento de um grande expoente da filosofia alemã, Friedrich Nietzsche, pretende-se explorar a noção de niilismo, tendo vista seus desdobramentos na contemporaneidade, especialmente no contexto da educação.

I defend the view that Cicero writes the Academica from the perspective of an aspirationalist radical skeptic. In section 2 I examine the textual evidence regarding the nature of Cicero’s skeptical stance in the Academica. In section 3 I consider the textual evidence from the Academica for attributing aspirationalism to Cicero. Finally, in section 4 I argue that while aspirationalist radical skepticism is open to a number of philosophical objections, none of those objections is decisive.

Asperger's syndrome is a pervasive developmental condition characterized by features of autism. As observed in clinical practice, individuals with Asperger's syndrome present an impairment related to inflexibility in their everyday routine, an immediate manner of experiencing and relating, and difficulties in estimating periods of time. Following a phenomenological perspective, this study is an attempt to examine these aforementioned aspects in terms of temporality. Thirteen participants with Asperger's syndrome, from 13 to 20 years old, were interviewed about their experience of periods (...) of time, personal history, their past, present and future; and their concept of time and finitude. After the interviews, it was possible to identify three general themes which emerged in the invariant aspects of their experience of time: factual experience of present and future dimensions, chronological time and the past experience. Moreover, participants' descriptions evidenced aspects of experience based on the specificity of lived facts and a sense of time specifically related to what was lived in the past. (shrink)

I argue that we are subject to ‘aesthetic luck’ in four senses: constitutive, upbringing, sociogeographic, and circumstantial. I review evidence from our practices, philosophy, and science. I then consider what challenges aesthetic luck raises to the communicability of aesthetic judgments, the formation of one’s aesthetic character, and the goal of a life well lived, as well as possible answers to those challenges.

An argument against the rationality of desiring to go to heaven might be put in the form of a trilemma: (1) any state of being that both lasts eternally and preserves me as the person I am would be hellish and therefore would not be a state of being that I could have any reason to desire; (2) any state of being that lasts eternally and yet fails to preserve my personhood by turning me into a non-person would not be (...) a state of being that I (qua person that I am) could have any reason to desire; and (3) any state of being that lasts eternally and yet fails to preserve my personhood by turning me into some other person would not be a state of being that I (qua person that I am) could have any reason to desire. This paper offers defenses of each of the three horns of this trilemma and concludes that there is no rationally compelling reason for any human being to desire to go to heaven. (shrink)

O artigo lança um olhar sobre as deficiências físicas, sensoriais e cognitivas da pessoa humana, substituindo a ideia de Deus como seu causador direto ou indireto pela teoria da aleatoriedade. Define a deficiência como expressão do caráter limitado do ser humano em geral. Propõe uma abordagem pastoral e uma postura ética diante das pessoas com deficiência.

Na década de 20 do século passado, época do aparecimento de _Ser e tempo, _Heidegger posiciona-se veementemente contra o modelo _teórico-cognitivo _de sujeito-objeto, problematizando, assim, a hegemonia da teoria do conhecimento na filosofia.Contra este paradigma, o filósofo alemão traz à tona um modo original de abordar a lida mais primária do _Dasein_ no mundo, cuja primazia recai em um sentido _prático, _por assim dizer.Neste sentido, nosso objetivo reside em explicitar, a partir do pensamento heideggeriano, a relação mais primária que o (...) _Dasein_ estabelece com o mundo, a saber: uma relação de familiaridade prático-originária.Para tanto, investiga-se o pensamento de Martin Heidegger em sua primeira fase, notadamente a sua obra-mestra: _Ser e tempo_, de 1927.Na obra, o filósofo alemão explicita que o mundo que preliminarmente se apresenta ao _Dasein_ e com o qual ele se relaciona não é de ordem teórica, no sentido de relação cognoscitiva, mas, isto sim: é o da práxis cotidiana, da postura prática, isto é, o mundo circundante, no qual o _Dasein_, enquanto ser-no-mundo de compreensão pré-teórica, dispensa a postura temática explícita como secundária – isto é, _derivada_, portanto, não fundamental da constituição humana.Neste sentido, nota-se que o ser-no-mundo, conforme indica _Ser e tempo_, consiste em um empenho prático, por isso mais originário, guiado por uma visão circundante que contempla a articulação de entes intramundanos os quais formam, no limite, um contexto no qual o mundo circundante se anuncia. (shrink)

L’inégalité est une thématique sociale, abordée de façon récurrente dans les médias. Appliquant une approche de « sémantique discursive », nous examinerons l’usage d’inégalité(s) dans le discours de presse en circonscrivant les principales dimensions sémantiques du nom à travers ses fonctionnements préférentiels en cotexte, étroit ou élargi. Après quelques questionnements sémantico-référentiels autour du mot, l’étude du corpus – constitué d’articles issus des journaux Le Monde, Libération et Le Figaro – montrera qu’inégalité(s) fonctionne, à la fois, comme un lieu d’observation, d’évaluation (...) et de revendication. L’analyse conduit également à penser que l’usage partagé et consensuel du segment lutte contre les inégalités dans le corpus fait apparaître une forme de « langue de bois ». (shrink)

In modern man’s life, everything changes at an ever increasing speed, as Zygmunt Bauman describes, leaving neither little nor space to think about the importance of salvation in his life. On the other hand, every man has a restlessness that makes him search, at least implicitly, for the things related to his salvation. Despite it, this search for salvation, besides important for each human person, is also important for the entire society. Analyzing the notion of salvation in the Scriptures as (...) well as in the Church’s Magisterium, it is not something closed on the individual, but it goes through the help of our neighbor, mainly those who are most in need. The study and deepening of the Church’s Social Doctrine is closely linked to the notion of salvation, not only to deal with it in an abstract and theoretical way, but in concrete actions in our daily life, in order to transmit today’s man the Church teachings and help him about how to remove life’s problems through the combined action of everyone’s searching for common good and for fighting social, political and environmental injustices. (shrink)

Resumo: Tomás de Aquino, ao falar de ciência mostra-se influenciado pelo Segundos analíticos. Entende ciência quer como uma disposição mental, quer como um conjunto de proposições de acordo com as propriedades e relações lógicas e epistêmicas das proposições que dele fazem parte.: When dealing with science, Thomas Aquinas proves to have been influenced by the Posterior Analytics. He understands science either as a mental disposition or as a set of propositions organized according to their properties and their logical and epistemic (...) relations. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o significado ontológico-existencial da ciência na obra de Heidegger. Trata-se de interpretar a problemática relaçáo entre a filosofia e a ciência a partir de um contexto bem determinado na obra do filósofo, qual seja: a tematizaçáo do conceito de transcendência enquanto o "limite intrínseco da ciência". Palavras-chave: Ciência; Filosofia; Heidegger; Transcendência.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound effects on all aspects of society. Families were among those directly impacted by the first measures imposed by health authorities worldwide to contain the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, where social distancing and mandatory quarantine were the main approaches implemented. Notably, little is yet known about how social distancing during COVID-19 has altered families' daily routines, particularly regarding music-related behaviors. The aim of this study was 2-fold: (i) to explore changes in (...) families' daily routine and caregivers' levels of well-being and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and (ii) to investigate whether musical behaviors of caregivers and the children under their care (aged from 3 to 6 years old) changed during social distancing. One hundred and eighty-eight caregivers residing in Brazil participated in an online cross-sectional study conducted between July and August 2020. Our findings suggest significant changes in families' dynamics during the COVID-19 outbreak, with parents (especially mothers) spending more time on childcare and a substantial decrease in caregiver's well-being. Regarding music-related behaviors, our results revealed considerable changes in caregivers' and children's musical activities at home during social distancing, including an increase in child-only musical behaviors and shared caregiver-child activities. Moreover, sociodemographic factors such as caregiver background and well-being as well as the child's disability status significantly influenced musical engagement at home during social distancing. This study captured some features of the home musical environment of middle-class families in Brazil in the first stages of social distancing restrictions during the pandemic and caregivers' role in providing an environment where musical experiences are nurtured. Further research is needed to better understand aspects such as the long-term impact of the changes of musical behaviors at home on musical parenting and families' well-being. (shrink)

In a recent paper (in Argumentation, 2006) Robert Talisse and Scott Aikin suggest that we ought to recognize two distinct forms of the straw man fallacy. In addition to misrepresenting the strength of an opponent’s specific argument (= the representation form), one can also misrepresent the strength of one’s opposition in general, or the overall state of a debate, by selecting a (relatively) weak opponent for critical consideration (= the selection form). Here I consider whether we as philosophy professors could (...) be seen as sometimes committing the selection form of the straw man through the performance of our regular teaching duties. (shrink)

O autor visa mostrar como e porque é que a retórica, em vez da filosofia propriamente dita, pode e deve constituir, sobre as matérias de que se ocupa, um paradigma interdisciplinar das investigações a desenvolver pela filosofia e pelas ciências de maneira geral. Analisa atentamente, nesta perspetiva, o “estado da arte” sobre o assunto, revendo a respetiva bibliografia, e faz um conjunto de propostas fundamentais para se alcançar um tal objetivo.

Este artigo é um relato de experiência do processo de implantação do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem do Programa Primeira Infância Melhor (PIM). O PIM é uma política pública intersetorial de promoção do desenvolvimento integral na primeira infância, implantada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Entre as atribuições do Governo do Estado está a formação das equipes em mais de 200 municípios. Por causa das restrições impostas pela pandemia de coronavirus, a política deixou de realizar formações presenciais e, de (...) forma emergencial, promoveu formações remotas, utilizando a ferramenta Google Drive. A partir desta experiência, foi decidido implantar uma plataforma de formação online. Para tanto, foi realizado um longo processo de planejamento, com análise dos materiais existentes, adequação aos objetivos pretendidos, criação do ambiente virtual e realização de uma formação piloto na modalidade educação à distância. (shrink)

We comment on the last chapter of Henrich where the author offers a ‘key’ to Hegel’s Logic focusing on the problem of the passage from self-reference to determination in the beginning of the Logic. We argue that what he offers as a ‘key’ is actually a reduction of Hegel to the logic of understanding from the point of view of an autonomous Ego; consequently, he excludes dialectics. Contrarily, we present Hegel’s own solution, eliciting the remark where he shows that the (...) proposition “Being and Nothing are the same” negates itself insofar as it is uttered and reflected on the Other’s understanding. We conjecture that this remark offers a privileged point from which to consider the connection Hegel-Lacan, provided we recognize the Absolute in Hegel as the big Other in Lacan. We suggest that the dialectical identity of identity and difference is actually an operation in the Agora and that the Hegel-Marx-Lacan theory can be properly denominated dialectical materialism. We also offer an answer to Žižek’s question of how a “neutral medium of designation” can emerge within a “life-world practice” or out of a “universe of matter. (shrink)

Hume is generally seen as a philosopher which, besides defending skeptical principles, intented to offer a new foundation for science, based on the accurate study of human nature. In fact, there is no doubt that he considers this to be one of the main purposes his philosophy should serve. In this work, we shall attempt to show that this is a limited view of Hume's thought, as it loses sight of the fact that, in posterior texts, he intended to establish (...) the philosophical activity as something that should be developed in order to somehow form the moral character of its public. (shrink)

Com este breve artigo, prendemos fazer um estudo sobre os Sodomitas “de cor” perseguidos pela Inquisição Portuguesa na Bahia do século XVII. Inicialmente, faz-se uma reflexão sobre a Sodomia, delito contra a fé católica, crime que estava sob a alçada do Tribunal do Santo Ofício e que fora praticado pelos negros escravizados e a partir dos documentos inquisitoriais, discorremos sobre a trajetória dos desviantes: o cativo lisboeta Jeronimo Soares, que fora acusado de sodomita e “alcoviteiro” e o mulato ator cômico (...) Bugio, denunciado por praticar sodomia, por fim, procuramos evidenciar as andanças, força, formas de repressão utilizadas contra esses sodomitas no contexto baiano, assim com a influência da religião – Igreja Católica – e as ferramentas de controle utilizadas para “convencer” a sociedade colonial a seguir o caminho correto da fé e da moral. As fontes utilizadas são os registros de depoimentos dos “hereges” e das testemunhas, produzidas pelo Santo Ofício, localizadas no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo : Sumário de culpa nº 12257 e Caderno do Promotor nº 29. Palavras-chave: Escravidão, Sodomia, Inquisição, Brasil Colônia. (shrink)

How can we identify and estimate workers’ tacit knowledge? How can we design a personnel mix aimed at improving and speeding up its transfer and development? How is it possible to implement tacit knowledge sustainable projects in remote areas? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to distinguish between types of tacit knowledge, to establish what they allow for and to consider their sources. It is also essential to find a way of managing the tacit knowledge ‘stock’ and (...) distribution within the workforce. In short, a conceptual framework is needed to manage tacit knowledge. Based on previous works and 2 years of action research, this paper introduces such a framework and describes its partial application to support the pre-operational training and hiring in a large industrial plant in Brazil. Two contributions emerge from the research. First, the concept of ‘levels of similarity’ is introduced as a means to qualify the experience of workers and estimate the associated tacit knowledge. Second, the capability of carrying out three types of judgement properly and speedily is put forward as being a core ability of those who possess what has been called ‘collective tacit knowledge’ (Collins in Organ Stud 28(2):257–262, 2007). In practical terms, the results indicate the opportunity for companies to capitalize on the experience and tacit knowledge of their workers in a systematic way and with due recognition. Ultimately, positive impacts are expected in their absorptive capacity as well as in their management and human resources systems, accident prevention, productivity and the development of sustainable projects in remote areas. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o modo como Husserl desenha a originalidade da subjetividade transcendental, frente à sua homônima psicológica. Se é certo que a noção de “imanência autêntica” pode apontar para as diferentes fronteiras entre o transcendental e o psicológico, resta que por si só ela não permite decidir nada quanto ao “modo de ser” transcendental, em sua diferença face ao “mundano”. Sendo assim, procura-se reconstituir alguns dos momentos centrais do esforço husserliano para construir um conceito de “subjetivo” (...) e de “subjetividade” que não se confunda mais com o “psíquico” da psicologia tradicional. (shrink)

Realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura vai além da atividade usual de fazer uma revisão de literatura como parte de um trabalho de pesquisa acadêmica. A revisão sistemática é uma modalidade de pesquisa, que segue protocolos específicos e busca dar alguma logicidade a um grande corpus documental. Este artigo apresenta os aspectos essenciais no desenvolvimento de revisões sistemáticas da literatura. Após a conceituação e apresentação dos diferentes tipos de revisão sistemática, são abordadas as etapas de sua produção, desde a delimitação (...) da questão de pesquisa, a seleção das bases de dados, a elaboração da estratégia de busca, a seleção dos documentos e a sistematização dos resultados. Por fim, são abordados aspectos relacionados à divulgação e publicação de revisões sistemáticas de literatura. A compreensão desses aspectos é essencial não apenas para autores desse tipo de pesquisa, mas também para revisores e editores de periódicos de todas as áreas do conhecimento. (shrink)

Partiendo del reconocimiento del papel que Kant atribuye al sentimiento, incluso en el ámbito de la ética crítica, se pretende mostrar la íntima solidaridad existente entre el sentimiento moral y el sentimiento de lo sublime y encarar la posibilidad de considerar a este último no solo en tanto que manifestación y expresión estéticas de la moralidad, sino también en tanto que vivencia matriz de la condición moral humana. Desde la "analítica de lo sublime" de la crítica del juicio, el llamado (...) "formalismo ético" kantiano asume otro sentido, y expresiones como las de "santidad", "majestad", "pureza" y "sublimidad" de la ley moral se nos revelan en toda su intención. (shrink)

This paper aims to analyze the poem "Psychology of Composition" by João Cabral de Melo Neto, seeking to comprehend poetry and poetic creation through the phenomenon of language as understood by Martin Heidegger.

This paper develops a programmatic 'theory sketch' of a new theory of humour, pitched at roughly the same level of detail, and intended to have roughly the same level of inclusiveness, as the other available philosophical "theories" of humour. I will call the theory I propose the distance theory. After an appeal to some intuitive illustrations of the distance theory's attractions, I move on to offer an analysis of observational comedy using the distance theory. I conclude the paper with some (...) speculative remarks about the possible connections between the practice of observational comedy and the discipline of philosophy. (shrink)

The work of Richard H. Popkin both introduced the concept of skeptical fideism and served to impressively document its importance in the philosophies of a diverse range of thinkers, including Montaigne, Pascal, Huet, and Bayle. Popkin’s landmark History of Scepticism, however, begins its coverage with the Renaissance. In this paper I explore the roots of skeptical fideism in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, with special attention to Cicero’s De Natura Deorum, the oldest surviving text to clearly develop a skeptical fideist (...) perspective. (shrink)